which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. involves chemical barriers to entry. IgG Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. False, False Acupuncture involves needles that are inserted into the skin. Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. neutral, active, active, passive One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." (b) How do they differ? 2. Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. Section: 07.03, What two sites are involved in the production and maturation of T lymphocytes? become plasma cells. Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. interferon A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. Section: 07.03, Which of the following is in the correct order in the formation of antibodies? You also discover that it targets liver cells. the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? True ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Explain why each of these is important for human survival. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. The EPS protects the bacteria from the host's immune response. They are both forms of passive immunity. 1. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. A Bacteria answer choices virus bacteria fungus parasite/protist Question 3 30 seconds Q. passive, neutral Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. agglutinating them. Some fungi produce toxins and exoenzymes involved in disease production and capsules that provide protection of phagocytosis. (a) How are these toxins similar? An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. passive __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. a vaccination. Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. *Inflammation and the release of histamine is part of the body's innate defenses. True 7. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. complimentary hay fever What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? produces T and B cells. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. B Virus Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? False b. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. One response of the human immune. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. The principal reason the company ran that ad was to attract attention. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. What type of response is this? A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. In this context, this means A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. 21. True or false: difficulty breathing, difficulty breathing 33. Which of the following is NOT a way for pathogens to enter the body? B Measles Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. Example: The tounsts had an appomtment to meet with their nation's $\overset{\text{consul}}{\cancel{\text{counsel}}}$. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. a. pathogens Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . You have recently identified a new toxin. IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. immediate allergic budding yeast with an elaborate capsule Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the lungs and central . Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. B-cell mediated. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. mucous membranes *Autoimmune diseases can be genetic or environmental. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. adaptive, innate The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? which of the following would not be considered a pathogen? Nb['hm 30. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. thyroid and tonsils -Cough etiquette epinephrine If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 1: Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. HCG bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. How long till Hepatitis B shows symptoms? heat Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? 24. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. True Universal response b. Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. - produces protease. they work very, very quickly. thymus and bone marrow although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form Section: 07.03, In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. a. AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. microorganisms. C white blood cells. Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? active Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. This category is best described by which of the following? a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. C infection. -The use of Personal True or false: (b) How do they differ? Viruses are treated with antibiotics. Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? memory cell Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. neutrophils normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. True Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? possess specific receptors. Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. 2. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question They are both forms of an infection. 3 0 obj in putting on ppe, the first article to put on is the which of the following is not OSHA standard? Protozoal infection may lead to ht edevelopmen t of all the following conditions except? Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> possess specific receptors. *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. delayed allergic It is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea and the most common cause of foodborne-related hospitalizations and deaths. The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. %PDF-1.5 These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". 36. (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. What does this mean for the movement of this chemical through the environment? A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. IgE, IgM Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. Thaks po Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Science. B Measles Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; True All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. Any visible signs of illness could affect the observations made. *(a) gas-liquid. a. Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek B) Louis Pasteur C) Robert Koch . Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. 35 Questions Show answers Question 1 10 seconds Q. In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? 2. An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? C Protozoa IgE, IgE swelling *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. tonsils and thymus Section: 07.02, What cell types are involved in the inflammatory response? Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? Hepatitis B c. HIV d. E.coli Definition a. 35. myasthenia gravis, hay fever You have recently identified a new toxin. Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? Microorganisms that do not cause disease. Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. rheumatic fever PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: Biofilm forms EPS, which allows the bacteria to remain attached to the host tissues. A. degrade antibodies Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? C Athlete's foot and ringworm epinephrine. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. C Intestinal disorders Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. Include a diagram in your explanation. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. A Mononucleosis Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and . Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. False, False In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m histamine. Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? <> 27. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? True 4. False, True Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. 1 0 obj If you have a __________, you literally have a plant living on your body. True C Fungi antioxidant Neglect energy transfers with the environment. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? -Hand washing Which of the following is the most likely explanation? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. possess fimbrae. Something about names of all department personnel. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever Section: 07.04, What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? TCR Laws against___ have been challenged in court on the grounds that they violate one's constitutional rights. They are both forms of neutral immunity. 3. all of the following are common viginal infections except? AIDS Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? A Strep throat produce antibodies. Suppose X is Poisson distributed with parameter =2.\lambda=2.=2. eosinophils and basophils cytokines. He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. false Strep throat is caused by a? What are pathogens? ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". 12. What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. 2 0 obj a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by They are both forms of active immunity. PCR Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? *In severe combined immunodeficiency disease, both B and T cells are lacking. eqR)BZZt[A This risk is about _____ percent!". Myasthenia gravis - B cells - antibodies - T-Cells - inflammation 2 See answers Advertisement Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. <>>> Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. True *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. eosinophils and neutrophils a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. A . 1. True antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. B red blood cells. 34. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. Since some bacteria in a biofilm are not actively growing (or are in exponential, or log, phase), they would not be affected by antibiotics. Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? Discuss in view of the relativity principle (that there is no best reference frame). True Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? B Inchworms <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? 16. Infect healthy rats with the complemented strain and see if the severity of disease is comparable to when rats are infected with the wild type pathogen. Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers represent what? active, passive All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except?
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