An anti-roll bar can also be mounted on the rear axle housing. Trailing arms must also be running forward at the correct car builder design angle. Metric Chassis Complete A-Arm Assembly $ 99.95; Camaro Chassis A-Arm Shaft Assembly $ 99.95; JOES 24" Pit Steering . The first element to understand about rear steer is that it is caused by rear suspension movement. The advantage of this system is that it keeps the rear end squared up and the thrust under acceleration straight ahead, if that is what is needed. This has been confirmed by studying data from onboard computer systems during testing that show shock travel amounts in the turns. keep in mind the effect that indexing has on suspension stiffness. illustration 2A. The Z-link System This Spring Cup is extended to hold the spring while the chassis hikes for Northern Sport Mods and Limited Mods. Has boxed lowers, adjustable uppers , stock springs and shock. The system works well enough on the street, but not so well when it comes to hooking up at the drag strip, especially with big horsepower. The trailing arm with camber links also called as three link trailing arm suspension is a modified configuration of a trailing arm suspension. Indexing can improve driveability by keeping the race car flat in the Following the anti-roll bar, you can use adjustable shock absorbers (front and rear), front suspension limiters, and to a lesser degree, specific coil spring rates to get the car to hook up. Wehrs Bent Suspension Bar Angle Finder. I am looking for a bit more traction and less wheel spin, but primarly want better handling for road . mounted 15 upwards to the front. But since left side This will give you a lower rear roll center and aide side bite. It helps prevent the mounting points from tearing out when the suspension is shocked during a starting line launch. Now you have to compensate with spring change. Typically, indexing causes the coil-over mounts, if located on the If the link angles become more upward on the left than on the When using trailing arm angles to help your setup it pays to truly understand the movements at each section of the corner as well as think about any drawbacks that rear steer or understeer might create. suspension bump (compression) movement. For most track On the left, we have reduced the forward movement of Insert the bolts to the ends of the control arm Lower the jack from the transmission Tap the bolt into the control arm Raise the rear suspension to simulate ride height Torque the bolt to 95 foot-pounds Torque the bolt near the rear axle to 103 foot . These arms are longer then stock to help lessen pinion angle changing during suspension travel. Semi-trailing arm suspension, handling and stability performance, non-linear vehicle model, Bees algorithm Date received: 17 November 2011; accepted: 3 February 2012 Introduction I am setting up a GM A body 1972 Monte Carlo. What is wrong ? Flying from Ho Chi Minh is hassle-free and convenient when you book with Cathay Pacific. Rear steer amounts-due to the Panhard bar angle-are regulated by the angle. We can use the lower links of a 4-link suspension to help offset the Shock brackets (part No. These stamped metric style control arms are great replacements for twisted or worn out rear upper arms on your GM G-Body. The lower links are angled from a top view with the front pivots narrower than the rear pivots. Spring Motion Ratio change of 5 can make a noticeable change to handling. (Steel). See the text for more information. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Since drive line angles can change if you adjust your ride height, your pinion angle may need to be adjusted. You can lengthen or shorten the bar by loosening the jam nuts on either end and turning the adjuster. This is caused by the rear end swinging around the instant center, created from projecting lines through the arms to the front until the lines meet. Wayne But as youll see in the photos, adjustable trailing arms are the firstand bestmethod of setting up a triangulated four-link for drag racing. This kit is affordable for most street stock racers, and it is both easy-to-install and easy-to-use, Nolff said. The Standard 4-Bar System birdcages, to rotate against the shocks and springs during You should draw the paths to include The upper arms is where many very in opinion. "We have always wanted rear steer," he said. Short links( from 3 to 4 shorter than the upper links) generally work With this design, lateral movement of the rear end causes rear steer. The length of the bottom links are dependent on the roll steer and Most of the Z-link systems utilize a spring mounting system that attaches the coilover spring to the front link. 650 whp. They constantly introduce new products to their lineup. forward on the left side during chassis roll. Then this trailing arm bracket kit is a must have. right, the left rear tire can become loaded more quickly than the right Anytime you are acting thru an angle, this force is diminished and is not as effective as it could be. 2-4 Offset Bushings and Trailing Arms. If the front is diving under braking then add anti-dive to front suspension. The rear semi-trailing arm suspension combines the advantages of the trailing arm and double-pivot swing axle suspension principles, without the . birdcage now moves rearward (until the link reaches a level of a 4 link suspension are the link lengths designed into the suspension The difference is that now we can maintain rear traction-having never broken loose-and the car is angled somewhat sideways, and pointed in the right direction to get off the corner. Perfect for the guys that already have or Extreme or Xtrmer Drop brackets. Has a 1/4 hole on bottom to allow bolting to your weight jack bolt. about rear suspensions. The Since we cannot lump them together, we will analyze them separately. His company has experimented with dirt track aero in the past. 2022 Racelogic Street Stock Class Workbook, 1-7 Getting Your Cross Member Where You Want It, 1-14 Camaro Drag Link vs Metric Drag Link. Decrease the Pre-Load on the Front Stabilizer Bar. Picture does NOT represent all jig options. gained by running the trailing arms upward to the front of the race car. Its on a car that Im helping with. Insane video on the induced rear roll over steer. $ Suspension Division. The live class took place January 22-23, 2022. In short Increase the Angle of the Upper Trailing Arm. This year marks the Outside Groove Director of Photographys 51st year of covering auto racing. . There are all sorts of different examples out there, but if you have already have a TRZ ARB, why not get a set of double adjustable TRZ uppers and lowers? amount of roll steer. After subframe support arm is out of the way, unscrew the . Change your lead or trail of the rear end by simply changing the combination of offset slugs. We never need our suspension to steer the rear end to the right of centerline on asphalt. This caliper mount brackets is built to fit the small GM metric calipers. Balance the Front and Rear stiffness. At the nose, Id do the same (spherical bearings or Delrin bushings). You can use cardboard, And have fun at SIR! Compared to the 4-bar cars, it has more limited adjustment for rear steer and historically has worked well on the tighter and more highly banked race tracks because the rear end is pointed more straight ahead. 2-12 Checking to Make Sure Your Rear End is Straight, 3-2 Distributor & Electronics Maintenance, 5-18 Counting Your Rounds & Brake Problems, 6-14 Wrapping Tires & Chemical Treatments, 8-13 How Driving Style Affects Shock Builds, 8-17 Starting Point for Off-the-Shelf Shocks. You can Watch, Rewind, and Watch Again. We stated earlier that trailing arms mounted upwards to the front of If it had angle, as it moved up it would lengthen the wheelbase then pass level and start shortening the wheel base as it moves upward. KT-1B) sells for $96.00. 266. However, 60 MAXIMUM aftermarket Ford 9 housing with new 3 OD tubes and 2.5 GN hub snouts. Heres a look at an adjustable upper trailing arm fitted to a GM G-body. Your email address will not be published. If the upper links are shorter than 17", the lower 4AN To for 8mm X 1.0 Metric Straight Adapter Vibrant. priority to have the trailing arm brackets and top link hardware to be located in the proper location. Lower the Rear Panhard Bar on both sides (frame and rear-end attachment). I want just for street use, nothing but just Soft Ride, floating kind of .. What is wrong ? Third and fourth generation Camaros and Firebirds with torque arm suspensions also have a long instant center and are known to hook up on pretty much anything. DCA RaceFab : Suspension Rear Trailing Arms - Chassis Exhaust Misc Linkage / Spacers Rear End Suspension Transmission Engine / Fuel Cooling Steering Brakes Shop Solutions racing, sportsman, hobby stock, street stock, chassis, control arm, bushing, spherical, spherical bushing, delrin . These bars are used to center the wheels in the wheel well and to set the wheelbase from side to side. The rear semi-trailing arm suspension is an independent rear suspension system similar to the pure trailing arm suspension, with the primary difference being that the bushing axis (or instant axis) runs at an angle in all X, Y, and Z directions. So how do you make it work? "High left-rear loading does not increase traction," he said. I do have a few questions though: Are you running the car with an Anti Roll Bar or at the least, with a sway bar on the back? In dirt racing, it may be advantageous to incorporate a large amount of rear steer under certain conditions. Part No. Additional washer added on end to extended life of bushing in severe conditions. short bottom link arrangement of illustration 2D on the right side. The upper trailing arm mounts (part No. Spring Perchs & Brake Caliper Brackets are now Bolt-On Accessories (not included in Rear End Housing Price). The technology related to rear steer for asphalt and dirt are somewhat different. However, the suspension moves (unless both upper and lower links are equal in length Ben from AFCO Racing is an expert in multiple aspects of race cars including cooling and set up. I also have a trz weld in style arb. Part No. of the Be aware that trailing arms angled uphill too steeply can hold the Tack weld the slugs to secure them to the trailing arm. Unbolt and remove one upper rear control arm using a " wrench. We can reduce loose roll steer by lowering the bottom links at the Welcome Guest. $ 599.95. Clamp Brackets are used to mount the mounted 5 downwards to the front, coupled with 17 1/2 top links, Stock trailing arm kit, used for mounting Ford 9 in GM metric car. 2-5 Rear Spring Table. Not sure if there are any big "Tricks". These arms fit 1978-87 GM G-body cars (Malibu, Monte Carlo, Regal, Cutlass, Grand Prix). Mounting the left coil-over unit ahead of the axle Decrease the Angle of the Upper Trailing Arm. On a tacky track, the team would do well to limit rear steer on both sides of the car. As we stated earlier, the 4-link is a fairly complicated rear A & A Manufacturing makes a similar trailing arm mounting kit for racers using Ford 9 rear ends in GM Metric chassis (part No. Or if you wish to keep your Edelbrock uppers, then just purchase a set of adjustable lowers (again, I prefer the double adjustable configurations theyre easy to tune in the car). They are angled to fit GM Metric chassis and have four holes for racers to adjust their trailing arm position. The roll angles and vertical movement on a dirt car can be very pronounced. 2023 Physics Forums, All Rights Reserved, Car lift using suspensions as lift points, Calculation of the reduced stiffness of a simple suspension, Suspension location for suspension pedestal, Bearing race diameter inequality question. As the rear end rocks back under acceleration the angle in the arms are trying to lift the chassis in front and therefore pushes down on the rearend housing in the back. The GM Metric adjustable rear trailing arms will aid in adjusting pinion angle, centering the rear end and adjusting wheel base. Check Tire temps, if LF is coolest (unbalanced setup): Decrease front springs, maybe even use reverse split (LF stiffer). The variation of height for the right-rear trailing arm is very small. front of the Usually, the right-rear corner of the chassis moves more than the left-rear. Some manufacturers have added multiple mounting points on the front and rear chassis mounts. That helps equalize traction to the rear tires. Your email address will not be published. To help understand the Instant Center you can visualize a triangle (Fig. If you want to insert bushings with a press rather than a mallet, opt for part No. Most will run the LR angled down in the back. One of the things we have done, is to raise the rear ride height. The Metric 4-Link System - The metric 4-link is a widely used system that comes with some models of stock automobiles. #2. pat the angle of the trailing arm wont really effect anything that much. birdcage to move forward more during chassis roll than in The problem with some trailing arms made for Mustangs and GMs A- and G-bodies is they tend to create a very short (further from the engine) instant center by changing the angle of the bars. On extremely dry, slick conditions, use lots of rear steer to the right. When you add more horsepower, bigger and stickier tires, and start pushing the car, then the flex in these arms becomes even more apparent. designing and tuning a 4 link is to understand the significance of these 2-3 Starting Points for Bar Angles. Asphalt Rear Steer Below you'll find a selection of our flight destinations to spark your interest. starting point for both links is 15 upwards (to the front). Can I convert a combustion engine car to a hybrid car? Excess loading of either the left- or right-rear tires decreases traction in most cases. 1/2" on RF (5 degree angle of Upper A-Frame mounting bolts), 1/4" on LF, front higher than back, average bolt height the same as before. The company also sells ultra-lightweight rear spring cups (see Rear Spring Cups from A&A Holidays Wish List). The upper arms are angled to form the triangle that gives the suspension its name. The asphalt racing surface provides a lot of traction, even on those flat "slick" tracks. Lower the front LR trailing arm mount. [3] Advantages of Trailing Arm with Camber Links There are times when we definitely want the rear to steer to the right. Some forward bite may be lost when Get your shocks addressed (tested by someone with a shock dyno who knows what theyre doing) and then go back and work on the pinion angle, using the guidelines from the article. I have a blown 71 Chevelle. This is correct. Trailing Arms, Mono Balls and Mounting Brackets; Rod Ends, Clevis & Spacers; Safety Equipment. Lower the Rear Panhard Bar on both sides. Lower the front LR trailing arm mount. Order your Trailing Arm 2 Piece Set - today at 1AAuto.com. AA-175-B) are constructed from stout 5/8-thick steel. The four holes for adjusting the lower trailing arm angle are all symmetrical, so when you move the trailing arm up or down it does not change the wheelbase of the car, said Tom Nolff, of T&D Custom Fabrication in Grant, Michigan. On most flat- to medium-banked tracks, the left-rear moves very little. AA-621-D is a clamp-on spring cup, fitting 3 tubing $24.95. Use this kit to build your own custom rear end. This is your problem, (sprung v. unsprung) your rear lower control arms (body mount to axle mount) must be in a 2.0-3.0 degrees (max) downward slope to the rear axle. Conversely anti-dive is used to describe how much a chassis nose dives under braking. tuning a 4-link, it is important to understand the relationship between A well designed 4-link provides good forward bite and the proper Tack weld the slugs to secure them to the trailing arm. Matt, . the 60 in the low 50s have 505hp 350 460fpt car weight 3400 what is your take on the pinion angle? coil-over units on Set. clamp brackets to mount the left coil-over unit ahead of the axle A smooth entry provides a faster exit. I would like know what the ic would be on a g body with a 9 inch in the rear with stock suspension. Browse Suspension Parts, . Simply replace the LR bracket and have increase drive and adjustability. Dirt Late Model cars can be designed with a considerable degree of adjustment for rear steer. When racing on dirt, watch the conditions and be prepared to make changes accordingly, not just to the setup, but also related to rear steer. The setup is balanced when the LF and LR tire temps are similar. clamp brackets during acceleration will be accompanied by an birdcage. LATE MODEL SUSPENSION FRONT-REAR; LATE MODEL DRIVELINE-WHEELS; . But it also had downsides . We can relate 1/8-mile e.t. 3. roll steer are overly affected and handling becomes inconsistent. These tapered profile spring cups are manufactured from high strength steel and are designed to minimize any stretch and bending while still being lightweight. how the shortened bottom link pulls the bottom of the right side As the suspension in a car wraps up, the pinion is driven upward. Cf: a c t i v i t . The left-rear shock mostly seems to move between 1/2-inch in rebound and up to 1/2-inch in compression during the entire lap. the race car upon corner entry -especially when both coil-over units are Has a 1/4 hole on bottom to allow bolting to your weight jack bolt. But I was looking for more info on stock rear 4 link trailing arm angles. Wayne Scraba is a diehard car guy and regular contributor to OnAllCylinders. On cars with triangulated upper control arms, you cant set preload with adjustable arms. We can have too much weight end up on the left-rear tire and lose traction and/or cause the car to push off the corners because of all of the forward thrust is concentrated in the left-rear tire. Other teams may just stick with a fixed location for the mounts in the rear end and adjust handling with other means. (more on this later). Description : General Motors 64-67 "A-Body" Adjustable/Indestructible Rear Control Arm Upper Cross Member! The instant center is also rather high; the angles of the bars can raise it somewhere above the front wheel spindle. The 4-bar suspension is highly adjustable and can be made to steer both directions. These trailing arms have fluted greasable, graphite/polyurethane bushings, which are superior to the stock rubber bushings. Raise the front LR trailing arm mount. Consequently, it may be necessary to increase rear spring rate best for tight, flat race tracks or on any track where the chassis tends Tuning With Rear Steer Also pinion angle with stock bushings. The roll of the chassis and the movement of the Panhard bar are the two components that influence the amount of steer in these systems. From a structural standpoint, tubular trailing arms are much stronger than factory trailing arms. PEM 9" Grand National Limited Floater Rear End Housing, RE-SSM-5800 is a 58" housing with a 0 pinion angle, stock mounts, and GM Metric caliper mounts. adjustment, positioning the lower links 5downhill, causes the bottom of Raise the Rear Panhard Bar Up on both sides. With the trailing arms toed in at the front you can use the J-Bar mounting angle to help steer the rear end through roll. AA-621-A fits 3 axle tubes $14.95. Dave here in Saskatoon been racing a g body for many years now and struggle to get I am going to raise the car next to achieve ideal front lower control arm angle (still to low for that) then corner balance and tweak from there. right side link is from 3 to 5 higher than the left when the chassis $149.99; 149 - Reward points. A good forward bite and roll steer. link lengths and angles and how the relationship affects roll steer and Suspension movement usually increases when the coil-over units are Among Adaskavegs many awards are the 1992 Eastern Motorsport Press Association (EMPA) Ace Lane Photographer of the Year and the 2019 National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) George Cunningham Writer of the Year. Rear steer in a circle track race car is a condition caused by suspension movement. A level panhard bar ( same mounting height on both sides) means force is vectored laterally to the tires. loose roll steer by making the lower links shorter than the upper links The Asphalt 3-Link - The 3-link rear suspension system has two trailing arms mounted near the rear tires, and one third link mounted atop the rear differential that controls rear end wrap-up. conditions, bottom links 2 shorter than the upper links work well. Large 1 NPT fill plug installed for easy filling or connecting to fill tank. Add a good weld-on ARB out back. On the left side, the bottom position) instead of forward as in illustrations 2A and 2B. Bars like this are typically welded into the chassis and tied to the housing by adjustable links. Let's expand on the other three systems. This saves wear and tear on your U-joints while . everything is a compromise. length and/or angle difference in the upper and lower links. A racer himself, he was the winner of the Street Stock Nationals in 2019. Rear Spring Cups from A&A Holidays Wish List, Shellhammer Dirt Track: 10 Races in Less Than 3 Hours, Tucker Clark: Racing Helps Teen with Autism, Bob and Sandy Garby: Super Fans Recognized, Hayden Cardwell: iRacing Champ to Real-Life Racing Champ, Outside Groove Racing Show a Hit; 24 Date Set, Hayden Ross Motorsports Foundation Started, Michael Lutz: Not the Results Hes Looking For, Lincoln Speedway: Thursday & Sunday Do Well. Obviously, if both of the wheels did not move, or moved in the same direction by the same amount, we would have zero rear steer. Realize that you can increase forward bite on any type of rear We can reduce sensitive to adjustments. currently using 4.5 down and it picked up 60. Emirates offers flights to Ho Chi Minh City (SGN) and 139 other destinations. Keith Masters of MasterSbilt Race Car Chassis said, "The reason chassis builders build 4-bar cars is because of rear steer. In Stock . (on a clamp bracket) generally tightens corner handling. How Much is Too Much? attention to how the lower link adjustments change the paths traveled by . Keep in mind that any change to the but there are ways to get that back. MAXIMUM Performance right side climbing panhard mount for Ford 9 rear ends. The adjuster is at the front of the bar. You can counteract this force by preloading the suspension. Dave's Tip - "You should always tack weld them in place. You can evaluate the roll steer characteristics of different set-ups it feels as a plank over nude bearings on the road .. Posts: 5 Metric Rear suspension tricks Dec 31, 2012 20:24:48 GMT -6 . (Try to bounce the rear of a car with a 4-link rear When the rear links are too short forward bite and On extremely slick race tracks, you My car had 7Deg of angle it. preceding paragraphs should help you understand why. Cars with 15-inch wheels should have a measurement of 205mm (8.07") in front. Our services include: Bushing overhauls, suspension repairs . . As a result, we reduced loose birdcage forward during chassis roll more than the longer links in One of the reasons a car will test fast in practice, qualifying, and maybe the heat races, but then be out to lunch when the track changes come feature time, is a result of improper rear steer. just ordered the adjustable lowers The bottom trailing arms are adjusted at the back end of the bar near the rear axle housing. Asphalt stock cars have four predominant rear suspension systems and all of them produce some amount of rear steer. $15.75. unloading of the rear tires during deceleration This unloading can upset If excessive, loose roll steer can cause a loose (USRA/IMCA Stock Car Legal). Brake Caliper Mounts (GM Metric), Spring Perches & Shock Mounts (Kit or Welded). You can play with all of these a little to work on plunge/roll steer. 2- 175-B upper mounts. is at ride height. Get the rear end "Free" dont torque down the bolts on the bushings and bind everything up. Use this kit to build your own custom rear end. (and tire) are forced towards the race track. I use the H&R parts stuff anti roll bar When designing or There are three items to address: shocks, anti-roll bar, and adjustable trailing arms. This induces less rear steer when the car squats on exit. Dave is the owner of Hammond Motorsports. I'm not sure of the Task Force width . Adjust the pinion angle. Wehrs Metric Trailing Arm Bolt. forward (See illustration 1). Kit contains: (2) Rear upper control . A difference of heights can help or hurt rear traction. lowered the bottom links to a level position and now the bottom of the birdcages (and the rear tires) rearward on the right side and Tack weld these washers to the outer flange of your bushing to create a retainer for the rubber. you will speed up your learning process by working with a model. In the past, drivers would set up the car for exit off the corners, throwing the car sideways by breaking the rear tires loose. Not only does the condition of rear steer affect the entry and middle handling balance, it affects handling under acceleration due to the thrust angle of the rear end being either right or left of the centerline of the car. to -mile numbers by multiplying by 1.54. So, teams need to take this rate difference into account. clamp brackets are used in front of the axle, axle wrap-up during "Rear steer is important in any design of dirt car." 4. clamp brackets. Learn how your comment data is processed. Part No. I had 17 Deg of angle in my car, down in front and up in back. with the very soft chassis meaning floppy front subframe is 4.5 enough? Brand new Stamped steel, C-channel arms are strong and sturdy Improve the handling of your '78-'88 GM Metric rear suspension by replacing twisted or worn out rear control arms 11" center to center Sold each IMCA Approved. very stiff. If you have a Fox-body or SN95 Mustang, a 1980s GM G-body (Grand National, Malibu, El Camino, etc.) The front may be too stiff compared to the rear. Wehrs Body Braces. (See illustration 2A.). During chassis roll, indexing loads the right rear tire and unloads handling condition that negates the benefits of the forward bite gained AA-175-D. See all 6 photos. This configuration is common in General Motors cars built in and around . cause a gas pedal push. Rear steer in this system is caused by chassis movement, which can produce several secondary effects. The upper arms on a triangulated four-link are used to center the rear axle housing from side to side; you shift the rear axle housing left or right, depending upon which bar you adjust. This produces quite a bit of rear steer to the right, moving the rear of the car to the right, just like when we used to throw the car sideways. Hi DaveGlad to help if I can. These tapered profile spring cups are manufactured from high strength steel and are designed to minimize any stretch and bending while still being lightweight. and parallel to each other). wood, aluminum strips, etc. Truth!^^^^^. Any of you guys changed any angles on trailing arms etc on a metric to make it faster? On asphalt, do not make large changes to components that influence rear steer. AA-384-B and AA-384-C), made from 3/16-thick steel, sit on the back of the lower trailing arm mounts. links have to be extremely short to minimize loose roll steer. A 1/2 inch height change from level can make significant handling changes. These are BMR upper trailing arms for 1979-2001 Mustangs. Simply replace the slug with different combination of offset slugs. 3. For cars with spherical bearings (rod ends) or solid rear suspension bushings, most racers use a pinion angle between minus one to minus two degrees (minus is negative angle, or pointing down). The trailing arm side will be rusty and wont remove easily, I had to unscrew mine with a 3' breaker bar! 6. That saved the factory some money. C.J. The Z-link rear suspension, or swing arm as it is also known, is another system used on dirt cars. These systems only steer to the left and have a limited amount of steer. Here is how each system functions and how they can be adjusted for the "degree" of rear steer. "Rear steer helps the driver get the rear end around on dry, slick tracks without having to break the rear tires loose," said Garrison. 9-5 Upper A-Arm Mounting Points Metric. If its working correctly, a G Body will drag the back bumper on the track with those pieces, on small drag radials. A 200-pound spring in a Z-link car feels more like a 4-link car, where the coilover is mounted to a birdcage with a 100-pound spring installed. AC A/C Compressor for Honda Civic L4 1.6L 1.5L 1994-2000 & CR-V 2.0L 97-01. Some will say run them as low to the rearend housing as you can. Distance from link mounts to transmission output and 3'rd yoke will dictate mount position. REAR SUSPENSION: The following is a general list of rear ends and their dimensions to help narrow the search for a possible candidate to replace the torque tube rear end or just get a better set of gears for highway driving. taken off shocks and springs. suspension). The bottom of the left side This way you could keep them loose and free and keep the nuts on. A link length change of 1" or a link angle The lowest rear RC you can get is with all arms parallel to the ground (no angle) . It has been a practice for teams to align the rear end-and/or have it steer slightly to the right-to fix a tight mid-corner condition, but this goes into the category of crutches, and should not be necessary if the car is set up properly otherwise.
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