During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. b. The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? b. African Americans b. Hispanic men a. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. by pressing either the Yes button or the No button using either their left hand or their right hand. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. b. Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. a. Asian American women over age 35 c. Black men Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. (2004). Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. (2007). Looking for truth in all the wrong places? b. discrimination. c. Brown v. Board of Education Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. All Hispanics are nonwhite. Nosek, B. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. b. stereotyping. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. 349380). \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ a. imply women are weak. d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. correct? Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. c. White women under age 35 a. non-Hispanic whites A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? (1999). B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. d. Native Americans. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . Then the participants categorize the photos (Is this picture a picture of a man or a woman?) and answer questions about the stereotypes (Is this the word strong?) Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. a. Racism is a form of prejudice focusing on cultural differences between people. See Page 1. To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. than those who are not employed. Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it. performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. People naturally classify others into categories. c. antimiscegenation The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? a. a. prejudice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. Order. Immigrants in this example can be considered a The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes White women C. It forms the anterior boundary of the interventricular . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? c. segregation. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: c. Asian women Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. c. multiculturalism. This shows that ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? This difference is an example of Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. According to the Milgram experiments, which of the following factors makes an individual more likely to conform to a request that would harm an innocent victim? c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. His categorization revolves around the premises discussed in the deductions as well as the conditions required for arguments to prove them correct. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). a. 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. Even if many women are more emotional than are most men, not all are, and it is not right to judge any one woman as if she is. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Do you hold implicit prejudices? The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. b. assimilation. b. Melting pot True The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more a. interpersonal racism. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. d. discrimination. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? c. victim. B. Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. B. a. Puerto Rico In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, social loafing 3 Two tennis players become good friends. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . c. the biological inferiority of blacks d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. True 2 It is deliberate and conscious. c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. (2002). a. the social categorization perspective. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. 18. b. hostile sexism. 13 percent; 3 percent In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? a. multiculturalism. Interestingly, and suggesting that categorization is occurring all the time, the instructions that the participants had been given made absolutely no difference. a. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. c. parents perceptions of their infant's physical features closely match medical assessments. b. African Americans d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? c. economic factors d. projecting. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. c. Cuba d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. d. ethnicity. Therefore, he does Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. a. modern sexism. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. According to Aristotle, an argument satisfies three conditions, and "is based on certain statements made in such a way as necessarily to cause the assertion of things other than those statements . b. physical attractiveness 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. 5. Only physicians can perform exit evaluations and conduct psychological interviews. Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. a. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. a. more favorably than older men Selected Answer: Social categorization IV. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup b. prejudice What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? New York, NY: Psychology Press. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes.
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